Preschool Teachers’ Subjective Theories about Family Discipline in Eight Public and Private Schools in Chile by Pablo J. Castro, Valentina Jiménez, Francisca Olivares, Damarys Rivas, Eric Trujillo & David Cuadra-Martínez

Abstract

This article presents the main results of a qualitative study intended to describe and interpret preschool teachers’ Subjective Theories (STs) about family discipline. Episodic interviews were conducted with 8 preschool teachers from 4 low-SES (socioeconomic status) and 4 high-SES educational centers in the Coquimbo region, who were divided into 2 age groups. The data were analyzed using some grounded theory procedures. The results obtained, based on the STs held by the participating teachers, revealed what they believe about the way in which parents and/or caregivers exert discipline nowadays, along with the main factors that influence this issue. The discussion analyzes the impact of these subjective theories as regulators of their educational practices, considering their explanatory power and orientation towards action.

 

Moral Credentialing and Ethical Decision-making by Cheryl K. Stenmark, Crystal M. Kreitler, & Robert A. Miller

Abstract

Moral credentialing, affirming one’s prosocial values, has been demonstrated to influence ethical behavior and attitudes, but its effect on ethical cognition is yet unknown. For this study, participants analyzed an ethical dilemma using a cognitive tool, expressive writing, or a control task, and participants either engaged in a moral credentialing task or did not. Responses were analyzed to determine how ethical cognition is impacted by moral credentialing. Participants in the cognitive tool group performed better on indices of ethical decision-making than participants in the other cognitive technique groups. However, moral credentialing did not have significant impact on the cognitive processes examined, despite manipulation checks which revealed that the moral credentialing manipulation had its intended effect. Implications are discussed.

 

Preschool Teachers’ Subjective Theories about Family Discipline in Eight Public and Private Schools in Chile by Pablo J. Castro, Valentina Jiménez, Francisca Olivares, Damarys Rivas, Eric Trujillo, & David Cuadra-Martínez

Abstract

This article presents the main results of a qualitative study intended to describe and interpret preschool teachers’ Subjective Theories (STs) about family discipline. Episodic interviews were conducted with 8 preschool teachers from 4 low-SES (socioeconomic status) and 4 high-SES educational centers in the Coquimbo region, who were divided into 2 age groups. The data were analyzed using some grounded theory procedures. The results obtained, based on the STs held by the participating teachers, revealed what they believe about the way in which parents and/or caregivers exert discipline nowadays, along with the main factors that influence this issue. The discussion analyzes the impact of these subjective theories as regulators of their educational practices, considering their explanatory power and orientation towards action.

 

The Neurobiological Basis of Learner’s Attention Dysfunction and its Relationship with Myers Briggs Personality Type by Emad Ata Shahrori

Abstract

The study explored the neurological basis of learners for attention dysfunction and its relationship with the Myers Briggs Personality Type. The study solely focused on university students in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The sample was 75 university students (47 males and 28 females). Distraction level was found to be 52.9% in males, and 47.1% in females associated with student’s personality type and learning. Most of the males (53.1%) and females (46.9%) disagreed when asked about them seeking help from others. Based on different personality indicators, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship of learner’s or individual’s attention dysfunction based on the Myers Briggs Personality Type.