Effective Intervention in Reducing Depression in General Population during Pandemic of Covid-19

The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an important overview of effective interventions in reducing depression to make it easier for doctors, nurses, and other health professionals to plan appropriate interventions to overcome and reduce depression in the general population based on evidence-based practice. The research method was carried out by conducting a quality research exploration on the research database via pubmed.gov. The types of articles selected were limited to articles published during 2020 and those related to depression due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that out of 410 articles obtained using the keyword "effective intervention for depression during pandemic covid-19", there were 3 (three) articles that relevant to the purpose of this review. Conclusion. Regular exercise activities and togetherness with family in carrying out daily activities accompanied by clean and healthy living behaviors can reduce depression and maintain a lower level of depression during the Pandemic of Covid-19.


Introduction
The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since December 2019 in Wuhan China has had a huge impact on human life globally, not only causing physical health problems but also triggering psychological disorders, one of which is depression. Covid-19 in the general population causes depression commonly at a moderate level. 1 Many studies have been conducted to look at the prevalence of psychological disorders during the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 and generally show a significant increase compared to before the Covid-19 Pandemic. 2 The incidence of depression during the Covid-19 pandemic in the general population has increased significantly. Depression in the general population in China increases significantly with age, chronic illnesses, low income, the effects of the pandemic, and worries about suffering from Covid 19 during the Covid-19 pandemic. 3 The results of a systematic review on 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people showed that the prevalence of depression was 33.7% 4 , other studies varied between 14,6%-48,3%. 2 An increase in psychological disorders including depression, stress and anxiety have been shown to occur in the UK especially in younger people, women, and individuals identified as a group at risk for Covid-19 exceeding the incidence in the normal population. 5 Depression was found to be higher in women aged 18-19 years, single, students, and had a low income compared to the expenditure among others of the general population. This is related to their habit of using social media compared to others, getting excessive and inaccurate information that can trigger depression. Those who moved during the quarantine period, experienced loneliness, fear of dying, helplessness, sleep disturbances, felt useless and worthless, started smoking and drinking alcohol, experienced moderate depression. 1 Depression is predicted to result in an increase in alcohol consumption and Cannabis use in adolescents. Handling the harmful effects of Covid-19 on mental health must be a priority for international public health. Interventions that are effective in reducing the occurrence of depression in people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic need to be explored and summarized from various quality studies.

Methods
From the exploration results via pubmed.gov by entering the keyword "effective intervention for depression during the Covid-19 pandemic", 401 articles were obtained. Of the 401 articles, they were reviewed one by one to find research articles that presented effective interventions in reducing depression during the Covid-19 pandemic and obtained 3 relevant articles. The selection of articles was carried out following the research objectives (purposive sampling). This research was conducted in December 2020.

Results
From the results of a review of 401 articles, 3 articles were obtained related to effective interventions in reducing depression that occurred in people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The following articles are each as follows: However, it appears that this can be different when the information obtained is satisfied, unbiased and not exaggerated. The quality of health information is of key importance in maintaining the mental health of the general population and reducing depression. The information available in the mass media needs to endeavor in such a way as to reduce information that is a hoax in nature and misleading, unbiased, and the quality of information should be able to satisfy the needs of the general population.
Important psychological support is given to patients suffering from Covid-19 and health workers who work with Covid 19 patients, however, the mental health of the general population also requires important attention. The research articles obtained in general are more focused on the prevalence of psychological disorders due to the Covid-19 pandemic and not much research has been done to find solutions to reduce depression that occurs in the general population due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Regular exercise activities and togetherness with family in carrying out daily activities accompanied by clean and healthy living behaviors can reduce depression and maintain a lower level of depression during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Limitations and Future Studies
Researchers need to study more to find solutions to depressive conditions occurring in the general population rather than obtaining data only regarding the prevalence of health mental disturbances.