TITLE: “NEW TRENDS IN EVALUATION AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCEIN THE FIELD OF PRESENT EDUCATION SYSTEM.”

The word evaluation indicates finding out the value of something. It is directly related to education system. Evaluation is the act of placing value on something. Evaluation is the process of value judgement of something. Evaluation is one of the most important aspects of total education system. It is the process of determining the current status of an object. It is related to finding out the positive and negative value of an object. Evaluation is a systematic process. Education is a process of modification or changing behavior pattern of individuals. The soul aim of education is to develop all the qualities and potentialities of the child. It may be physical, mental, social, emotional, moral etc. here the teacher plays a very significant role to improve all the aspects in individuals. Evaluation is very important in education system because evaluation helps to judge the improvement of the students. It helps to judge the quality of teaching. Examination is a part of total evaluation process. In our ancient systems of education evaluation was done mainly through oral test, recitation of texts, reading of texts etc. But the term evaluation has come into prominent and systematic in recent years. There are many new trends in the evaluation process. Evaluation plays a very important role in education. The modern concept of evaluation provides a wider perspective and scope of use. Present education system is child centric and in this system of education the traditional examination system becomes outdated. So, various new trends are come into contact to the evaluation system. Educational evaluation is the process of analysis, identification and interpretation in any type of academic performance. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Formative Evaluation, Summative Evaluation etc. are some of the new trends in the evaluation and they have a great significance in the field of present education system.


INTRODUCTION:
Evaluation involves some degree of valuing. Educational evaluation appraises the extent to which objectives of education have been achieved in a comprehensive manner. It is one of the major parts of total education system. Evaluation always based on the objectives of teaching that means educational evaluation is directly related to the teaching-learning process. It is valuing the extent the students learn in a specific period of time. Educational evaluation is development oriented. Because, through educational evaluation the strengths and weaknesses of the students can be identified and accordingly the teacher can modify his/her teaching and develop the teaching methods as well as the student's performance. So we can say that in education system evaluation process plays a very significant role. The scope of evaluation in the field of is so wide and broad. It is related to the value judgment of all the activities done in the educational institutions. Evaluation in education is as old as man's first attempt to teach someone something. But, at that time the process of evaluation was not very formal and systematic. The term evaluation in its systematic and formal form has come into prominence in recent years in the education system. Various new trends come into contact of evaluation system. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), Formative Evaluation, Summative Evaluation, Choice Based Credit System (CBCS), Grading System, Norm referenced and Criteria reference test etc. are some of the recent trends in the evaluation system. These new trends in evaluation play a very significant role in present education system. They are more relevant to the present system of education. The major purposes of educational evaluation arediagnosis of the student's strengths and weaknesses, prediction of the student's potentialities and expertise in the ISSN: 00333077 2256 www.psychologyandeducation.net definite area, selection of the students for a particular course, grading or ranking the student's performance, provide suitable guidance to the students etc. That means educational evaluation had a great importance in the present education system.

VARIOUS NEW TRENDS IN EVALUATION:
In modern education system various new trends come into contact to the educational evaluation process. To cope up with wave modernization our education system is modifying with different innovative methods and techniques in all the components of education system. Such as-The aims of education have been changed from the earlier. Methods of teaching in educational institutions are also developing day by day. The concept of curriculum includes various new trends. The roles of teacher in education system become very wider than the earlier. Thus the evaluation which is one of the most important components of education system is also welcome various new trends in it. Some of the new trends in educational evaluation are as- CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION: Continuous and comprehensive evaluation has been introduced as a part of examination reforms with the aim of developing the holistic profile of the learner. Evaluation is done to assess all the aspects and qualities of the students then continuous and comprehensive evaluation is used. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is emphasized on the identification of students' growth and development. It assesses all the scholastic and non-scholastic aspects of the students.

 FORMATIVE
EVALUATION: Formative assessment is one of the new trends in the educational evaluation. Formative assessment is a process in which assessment is done during the instructional period. It is a process that occurs moment to moment as part instruction and used by the teachers and students after completion of a part or unit of the instruction. These are small scale, short cycle assessment given in the classroom to diagnose the students' achievement in the particular area. It provides information during the instructional process.
 SUMMATIVE EVALUATION: Summative evaluation is designed to assess the students' achievement after completion of whole course or syllabus. Summative evaluation is done to determine the students' performance at a particular point of time. It evaluates the students' achievement in a holistic manner. That means this type of evaluation assess students' mastery, understanding, skills, concepts of the subject matter.  GRADING SYSTEM: Traditional system of evaluation was based on marking system. Grading system is the solution to overcome the limitations of marking system. Grading system is one of the new trends in the educational evaluation. There are various types of grading system they are-absolute grading and relative grading, direct grading and indirect grading. Absolute grading is a mode of grading where grades are given on the predetermined cutoff levels. Here, each point value is assigned a letter grade. On the other hand, relative grading is a system of assessment where grading is done on the basis of peer performance. Direct grading is suitable for small group of students on the other hand; indirect grading is suitable for large group of students.
 PROCESS VS PRODUCT ASSESSMENT: Process assessment is one of the new trends in educational evaluation. When importance is given on the correctness of procedure of a test at different stages then such type of assessment is called process assessment. On the other hand, when evaluation is based on the final product or result of a given task or the performance at different stages leading to the accomplishment of the task then that type of evaluation is called product evaluation.

 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT VS
EXTERNALASSESSSMENT: Internal and external assessments are the two important types of evaluation process. When the assessment is based on the teacher's teaching task to assess the improvement of the learner then this type of evaluation is called internal assessment. Internal assessment demands that the outcomes of learning a particular subject. On the other hand, external assessment is made by the outsider person and who is not related to the actual process of teaching and learning, then this type of evaluation is called external assessment.
 FORMAL VS INFORMAL ASSESSMENT: Formal assessment and informal assessment are the most important types of evaluation. Formal evaluation is done when the assessment process is based on the specific time, space and situation. Informal assessment is applicable to a situation where an individual or a voluntary body is holding a test to obtain some information to fulfill some personal requirements then this type of evaluation is called informal evaluation.
 SEMESTER SYSTEM: Semester system is one of the most recent trends in the evaluation system. In semester system the academic year is divided into two parts. The courses of the academic year are also divided into two parts. That means instead of one year the final examinations are held twice a year.

OLD SYSTEM OF EVALUATION VS NEW SYSTEM OF EVALUATION:
OLD SYSTEM OF EVALUATION:  Give stress on formative and summative evaluation.  Evaluation of all aspects of development.  Evaluation is continuous.  Evaluation is comprehensive.  Evaluation of both scholastic and nonscholastic skills.  Semester system and grading system is introduced in new system of evaluation.  Identify students' performance level within a wide range of grade.  Evaluation of personal and social skills of the students.

IMPORTANCE OF NEW EVALUATION PROCESS IN THE PRESENT EDUCATION SYSTEM:
Evaluation process is one of most important part of education system. With the help of evaluation process, we can understand the success and failure of the students in a particular stage. The concept of evaluation in education is as old as man's first attempt to teach someone something. But the process of evaluation was not so formal and systematic as today are. The process of evaluation has been developing and becoming systematic and up to date day by. Various new trends come into contact in the evaluation process. They have a great value and significance in the field of present education system. The significance of new trends in evaluation in present education system are as- Evaluation plays a very significant role in education. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation helps to assess the students in a holistic manner. The main objective of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is all round personality development of the learner, which is the main objective of modern education system.  Formative evaluation clearly articulates the key sub-concepts or sub-skills that constitute progress towards to the standard. Formative evaluation helps to clarify the concepts in a systematic manner. Thus formative evaluation has a great educative value.  Summative evaluation is used to determine at a particular point of time to evaluate the understanding, skills, concepts, performance of the students in a holistic manner. This type of evaluation also develops the thinking and imagining capacity in the students.  Norm-reference test encourages the students in terms of a normal probability curve, which lead to the development of the student in a great position. Norm reference test is based on the psychology of individual difference if the learner. The aim of norm reference test is ranking the students based on their performance. Thus this type of evaluation is more relevant to the present education system.  Criterion reference test is helpful for comparison of the students in a given class. Because criterion reference test assesses the performance of the students in comparison to the performance of the other students in a particular group. Thus we can say that criterion reference tests have also a great educative value and have a great significance in the education system.  Grading system is one of the most relevant systems of evaluation. Grading system is the up to date method of calculating the students' achievement. The traditional marking system is replaced by present www.psychologyandeducation.net grading system. A good grading system is accurate, fair and progressive. Grading system is more relevant to the present education system than traditional marking system.  Internal and external assessments are the two important types of evaluation system. Internal assessment makes the students ready for the external assessment. Thus both these type of assessment have educative value.  Evaluation in education implies the evaluation of students' achievement, curriculum evaluation, school evaluation, evaluation of large population, evaluation of teachers etc. all these types of evaluation plays a very significant role in the present education system.  Process evaluation gives importance on the evaluation of correctness and accuracy of the process. And product evaluation gives stress on the final product of the performance of the students. They try to develop the evaluation procedure and final result of the performance respectively.  Diagnostic evaluation tries to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the students in a particular concept. This type of evaluation is child centric by nature. By diagnosing the student's capacity this type of evaluation tries to adopt different methods and skills to develop the performance of the students. Thus, diagnostic evaluation plays a very significant role in the present education system.

CONCLUSION:
There are various new trends in the evaluation system and they have a great educative value. In the teaching-learning process feedback is very important for the teacher as well as the learner. The success of education system mostly depends on the evaluation procedures used in the education system. The traditional examination system become outdated as education system is changing day by day. With the rapid changing of our social system education system also welcome various new trends in the evaluation process. Modern evaluation systems are too much relevant to the modern education system. Modern evaluation systems make the system of education up to date. For example: Continuous and comprehensive evaluations as a new trend makes the education more systematic and assesses the student in a holistic manner which helps to develop all round personality of the students. It involves evaluation of all the curricular as well as co-curricular activities done by the students inside the classroom as well as outside the classroom. That means modern evaluation techniques are helpful in evaluating each and every aspect of the students, such as: physical, mental, emotional, social, moral, cognitive, spiritual and all other developmental aspects of the students. So, there is a great significance of modern evaluative techniques in the present education system.