ATTRIBUTES OF FAMILY RELATIONS

The purpose of this study is to explore and develop model for family relations. The sample of this study constituted 1300 higher secondary students from government, government aided and private schools from Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu. Walter Hudson family relations scale was administered to collect the data. Analysis of data shows the developed model constitute five attributes for family relations viz., family misunderstanding, family support, family distrust, family interaction and family isolation.


Introduction
Family is a single unit of people who live together and share life's basic day-by-day functions. Humanities has demonstrated the need for such a core group, yet also has demonstrated need for each individual member to grow. These dual, sometimes contrasting, human needs create the paradoxes of the family unit, in which exists struggle for separateness and togetherness, differentness and sameness, protection and freedom, support and independence (Dodson 1977). Higher secondary adolescents are an age where relations undergo significant transformation. The adolescent child feels comfortable and emotionally connected more to members outside the family (Jude J. Obiunu, 2015). There is a gradual drift in level of relations between adolescent and family. Arguably psychologists consider this to be common during adolescents' stage. This investigation will help to identify the attributes of family relations in the eyes of higher secondary adolescents of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to explore the factors of family relations among higher secondary school students of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Operational Definitions
a. Family relations -Interpersonal relations that exist between the members of the family. b. Higher Secondary Students -It refers to adolescents studying class XI and class XII between the age group of 16 to 18 years. c. Attributes -It describes the characteristics of a particular variable, here family relations. This is also referred as factors or constructs in this paper.

Methodology
Exploratory factor analysis is used for this study. It helped to identify the latent variables and label them based on research reviews.

Participants
Participants of the study were 1300 higher secondary school students from Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. The sample constitute students from government, government-aided and private schools. The acquired data is being used to develop the attributes of family relations.

Instrument
Data is collected by using Walter Hudson 'Index of family relations' was validated in the present context. This measurement consists of 25 items. The response scale is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, ranging from strongly agree (=5) to strongly disagree (=1).

Data Analysis
Data are subjected to descriptive analysis. Content validity and reliability of the items were tested using SPSS 16. To explore the most reliable items and to classify the attributes of family relations exploratory factor analysis is employed.

Statistical Techniques Adopted for the Study
To explore the attributes of family relations the following statistical techniques were adopted.

Exploratory Factor Analysis
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a procedure for data examination and it determines the structure of factors to be investigated. It is utilised to determine convergent and discriminant relationship between items and factors. Here exploratory factor analysis is performed on identifying family relation aspects. To justify the application of EFA in the study the measure of sampling adequacy, a statistical test to quantify the extent of inter correlation among the variables was utilised. Hence the Barlett test of sphericity and Kaiser -Meyer -Olkin (KMO) indicate the measure of sampling adequacy. The Barlett test of sphericity is significant at p<0.05 from the exploratory factor analysis to be considered appropriate and KMO is more than 0.7 is suitable for factor analysis. A principal component analysis was utilised to determine each variable loaded above 0.7 (since the KMO measure of sampling adequacy was 0.837). It is observed that out of 20 items except one item (FINT1) which is loaded below 0.7 and remaining items were loaded above 0.7. Communalities indicate how much one variable is accounted for by the underlying factors taken together.

Extraction of Factors
Through the principal component analysis, there were five factors in total extracted and their factor rotation sum of square loadings along with extraction sum of squared loadings are shown in Table below. The

Scree Plot for Family Relations
In multivariate statistics, a scree plot is a line plot of eigenvalues of factors or principal components in an analysis (Raymmond B. Cattell). It helps to find the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis or principal components to keep in a principal component analysis (PCA) (Wikipedia).  The five components with Eigen value greater than 1.0 were rotated using varimax rotation in order to execute orthogonal solution which is shown in the table.

Figure 1 -Eigen Value and Number of Items
Varimax rotation is the most highly utilised method to produce an orthogonally rotated matrix. It is generally accepted that loadings should be 0.50 or greater to provide any interpretive value. A loading is simply the Pearson correlation between the variable and the extracted component. The greater the loading, the more and the more variable is a pure measure of the component. Component 1 contains six variables or 21.61% of the total variables included in the study. Six variables load in the factor one shows an excellent range of variable representation in the factor. The six variable loaded in factor one represents understanding aspects in the family with positive and reverse coded items. Majority of the items in the factor one among the six variables represent understanding aspects of family with the reverse coded attributes is labeled as family misunderstanding. The convergent validity of six measured items on underlined factor of family misunderstanding (Alan Sillars, 2011) is 0.841 and which shows good convergence. The average variance is extracted is more than 0.5 (0.73) explains the better variance. The obtained discriminant validity is 0.813 and which is more than the maximum shared value of total item correlation. There are four variables which are converged with the correlation value of more than 0.7 constitute a factor with 16.431% of variance explained. The four variables grouped under factor two represent positive aspects of family support to the students is labelled as family support. The required convergent validity, average variance extracted and discriminant validity are more than 0.5 shows that the four variables are effectively loaded under factor two.
Factor three is labelled as family distrust which comprises of four variables with the loading of more than 0.7. All the four variables are reversely coded. Factor four comprised three variables with the loading of more than 0.7 represent a factor named as family isolation. All the three items are reverse coded and which describes student issues on the relationship of family. It represents 13.166% of variance of the factor with the convergent validity of 0.91, average variance extraction of 0.83 and discriminant validity of 0.878.
Factor five is labelled as family interaction comprises three variables with the factor loading of more than 0.7. All the three items are positive statements which explain 10.9% of variance about the factor family interaction. The required convergent validity, average variance and discriminant validity were obtained for the factor through the loaded variables (0.7, 0.6 and 0.57 respectively).
By the application of factor analysis in order to extract the latent factors related to family relation are identified as five major factors namely family misunderstanding, family support, family distrust, family isolation and family interaction.

Discussion
Adolescence is a period of freedom and autonomy (Steingber, L, 1999) for an individual. It is a period of rapid growth and development. Psychologist feel it is a stage where new relationships are formed and old relationships are transformed based on the needs and interest of the individual. This transition period brings in unique challenges (Jodi Quas, 2014) in every adolescent child. Family being the basic social unit of the child has to offer more to the adolescent child. Though love governs the family bonding, responsibilities of adolescents increase and this has an impact on his or her relationship within the family to a greater extent. One important factor when it comes to family relations is trust. It is one aspect every adolescent wants to have from their parents. In the instrument, 4 statements reflect significantly on family distrust. (Item No. 16, 22, 24, & 25). If mutual trust is higher relationships are stronger. When trust deficit happens it affects interaction. For all major crisis to grow big, psychologist admit lack of communication as the core factor. Family interaction strengthens family bonding (Saptawati et al., 2017) and better communicating attitude and cultural present in the family will do a world of good to adolescent child. Sharing and interacting relieves undue stress (Mark Stibich, 2020) and it was analysed that family interaction strengthens family relations ( Tzanne, 2015) within the members of the family. Though it is bound to happen it is the ability to bounce back, i.e., the time taken to be normal depends to a greater extent on family support. Hence during adolescence, parents role becomes crucial (Sells, S. 1998) in maintaining the overall functioning of the family and particularly their relationship with their adolescent child. The extracted constructs are named based on research reviews and the combination in which the statements have been correlated statistically in EFA. The number of statements after EFA is 20 with 9 positive and 11 negative statements respectively.

Conclusion
As adolescence is a period of transition family relations during this period is a challenge. Though some go through is without much of difficulty, many feel challenged. Exploratory factor analysis has