“ AFRICAN OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) DEM AND AND POLICY DIRECTIONIN THE POST-CORONA ERA.”

This study is based on a social network analysis of newspaper articles relating to the Corona pandemic contained in the African daily newspaper African News. The aim of the study is to analyse what life-changes have been brought about in Africa as a result of the Corona pandemic, so that this information can be used in official development assistance policies for Africa. For this purpose, a text network analysis method was used. As a result of the analysis, the life-changes experienced by African residents as a consequence of the Corona pandemic are summarized into five broad categories. The five topics are: the Government’s countermeasures against the virus; recovery measures in African countries; measures relating to personal health; Government measures relating to schools; and an increase in the number of deaths from Coronavirus. After the Coronavirus pandemic, the aid that should be provided most urgently to Africa is in the fields of health and education. It is hoped that aid donors will refer to the points found in this analysis and reflect them in their aid policy.


INTRODUCTION
is estimated that the actual number of confir med cases will be higher in vulnerable countri es such as Africa, owing to shortage of diag nostic kits and medical personnel. The WHO warns that, even if vaccines and tr eatments for Corona are developed and put int o action, a so-called 'endemic' such as Coron a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may a rrive and never disappear. 'Endemic' means th at infectious diseases continue to occur in a s pecific area, malaria being a representative exa mple (Aker et al., 2010). In other words, even if a vaccine is made and a cure found, the th reat of Corona-19 can lead to an endemic that lasts for ever, never completely disappearing.
It is difficult for anyone to be sure how the Corona situation will develop in the future, bu t many specialized research institutes and expe rts have found it difficult to envisage a compl ete return to the pre-Corona era even if vacci nes and treatments are discovered and cures f ound. It is said that a 'new normal' of living with the disease will be created.
It is difficult for anyone to accurately predict when the Corona will be completely ended or whether it will continue as an endemic phen omenon. One of the biggest differences betwe en the world before and after the Corona crisi s is that the gap between rich and poor will widen, and it is generally agreed that 'social distancing' and a non-face-to-face culture will Against this background, this study aims to re design the ODA policy direction for African c ontinental countries in the post-Corona era. To achieve this, it first analyses what kind of lif e-changes people in African countries are expe riencing as a result of the Corona pandemic. Secondly, as its main research purpose, it clas sifies the changes in life patterns caused by t he Corona pandemic by placing them in a nu mber of topic groups.

RESEARCH DESIGN
In terms of its scope, this study aims at a sp atial targeting of African countries. The total number of countries in Africa is 54. However, the study does not take into account the circ umstances of individual African countries, but targets the changes in circumstances that Afric an countries are experiencing together.
In terms of content, the study aims, importantl y, to address how African citizens have chang ed their life patterns after Coronavirus, and w hat new demands have arisen. The range of li fe needs varies from those connected with hea lth to those relating to economic life. This stu dy targets the overall life-changes of African r esidents after the Corona pandemic. In this co nnection, we analyse the articles about Corona published in African News, an African daily. Between 1 January 2020 to 31 August 2020, the number of Corona-related articles printed by African News totalled 176.
In terms of its span, this study covers the per iod from January 2020 to 31 August 2020. T his is considered to be the period when the C orona pandemic was most severe. Examining l ife-changes during this period allows us to gra sp the life-changes of Africans. In terms its re search methodology, this study adopts a social network analysis method (Markus et al, 2018 ;Laporte et al., 2018;Blei, 2012). This is a useful method for scientifically analysing unstr uctured text data. For this purpose, we use th e Netminer 4.4 program.

ANALYSIS RESULT (1) Word cloud analysis
First, word cloud analysis was conducted to e nable us to understand the overall lifestyle ch anges of African residents in the wake of the Corona pandemic. The results are shown in Figure 1. As Table 1 shows, the social network for Afri cans consists of 5,140 words, 5,882 sentences and 4,328 paragraphs. Table 1 Frequency of word occurrence The table indicates that the word which occur s most frequently in the social network relatin g to Africans' lives is 'case', which occurs 94 7 times in total. Next is 'country', which occ urs 636 times, followed by 'Coronavirus' (380 times).

(2) Life changes following Corona
Topic analysis was conducted to analyse the li fe-changes experienced by Africans following t he Corona pandemic. For this purpose, in ord er to simplify the network, we first abbreviate d it to include only words that occurred more than 24 times. As a result, 210 words were selected in total. The overall appearance of th e network composed of these 210 words can be seen in Figure 2.   The result of topic analysis on the nodes incl uded in the above network is shown in Figure  4. As can be seen, there are five topics in t otal, summarizing the lifestyle changes of Afri cans since the Corona pandemic.      As the above shows, when we look at change s in the lives of Africans following the Coron a pandemic, we see that the biggest change is in the areas of health and education. This su ggests both that the number of deaths is const antly increasing, and that various problems are occurring due to students being unable to att end school. In other words, it may be said th at the health and education sectors are sufferi ng more damage from Corona than other, ind ustrial sectors.