Agricultural Land Conversion and the Influence of the Food Supply Chain

The phenomenon of changing the function of agricultural land in Namlea District becomes a problem when the amount of productive land decreases and has an impact on the availability of land for agricultural production and affects the supply chain of agricultural products to the community. The research was conducted to describe the conversion of agricultural land and its utilization in the Namlea subdistrict. The research site focuses on Namlea District Buru Regency with consideration of the availability of the number of agricultural lands that are less than other districts in the Buru Regency. The number of informants interviewed as many as 40 people consisting of landowners, farmers, business owners, and village apparatus. Analytical techniques used to follow the concept of Miles and Huberman where activities in the analysis of qualitative data are conducted interactively and continuously to find saturation in the data processing. The results showed that the reduction of farmland in Namlea district was due to the conversion of land for various activities including housing and development of the Trade Center. Besides, the use of converted land is caused by the system of personal ownership that is secured by the Government through the right to building or proprietary rights but has not fully set the long-term oriented land utilization pattern.


Introduction
Namlea District is the capital of Buru Regency, consisting of 11 villages and 9 hamlets. The area of Namlea District is 226.55 Km² and the one with the largest population is in Buru Regency. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, the population of Namlea District in 2018 is 34,326 people. This number continues to increase every year with a population growth rate of 6.26 percent (Mu'adi, Maksum, Hakim, . With this population growth, there will automatically be an increase in the population in Namlea District (Banala, Agrawal, Kim, & Scholz, 2010; Ghiffari, 2016; Nawawi et al., 2020; M. Chairul Basrun Umanailo, 2020b). The rapid increase in population resulted in the increasing need for land as a place of activity in Namlea District. This condition is followed by the sustainability of the supply chain of agricultural products to the community. As a result of population growth and increased per capita consumption stimulated by an increase in household income, the need for food such as rice and horticultural food will continue to increase. To compensate for this increased need, production in the regions must increase proportionally to be adequate to maintain food sufficiency (W. Rumaolat  . However, in Namlea Subdistrict, there has been a slowdown in growth due to reduced agriculture and a slowing rate of farm productivity growth plus the absence of technological breakthroughs that have been able to significantly increase productivity, thus affecting the availability of food stocks thus human resource management for the supply chain by itself will be disrupted (Elvis & Ekta, 2011; Van Meijl, Van Rheenen, Tabeau, & Eickhout, 2006). In a situation where the Regional Government of Buru Regency is increasingly difficult to increase production due to the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural, this condition will exacerbate the regional food problem. Based on this, agricultural land conversion efforts have more important importance in supporting food security in Namlea District. Efforts to control agricultural land conversion are also needed to avoid various social, economic, and environmental problems as land conversion (Dalgaard, 2006 . This paper aims to obtain a primary picture of the impact that occurs due to the increased conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural in Namlea District, he is important given the large role of research results in shaping and influencing regional policies to limit land conversion to nonagriculture and organize human resource management. for the food supply chain in realizing community food security.

Methods
The research was conducted in Namlea District, Buru Regency. Determination of the location is done purposively (deliberately). The villages of Namlea, Marloso, and Lala were selected as research locations because most of the agricultural land in the locations were converted for housing development and development of long-lived crops (Kassen, 2018; Sumitro, Yuliadi, Kurniawansyah, Najamudin, & Umanailo, 2020). The number of informants who will be interviewed is 30 people taken purposively with the consideration that the respondents are considered as related parties to achieve the research objectives. Informants are household farmers or owners of agricultural land converted for housing development and industrial crop development. The data in this study were obtained from primary data sources and secondary data, with data collection techniques used through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature/ document studies. In the interview step, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with related parties, namely farmer households, landowners, and gave questionnaires to the community in that location in response to land conversion. Researchers also looked for complementary information related to land use in Namlea District via the internet and literature studies using government documents/ archives related to agricultural land conversion policies and Food Security. The sample of data sources in qualitative research was selected purposively, invincible with the focus and research objectives . This study uses data analysis techniques or techniques that use observation, in-depth interviews to obtain data on the standard of living conditions, before and after land conversion occurs and the impacts caused by the land conversion. The analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis following the concepts given by Miles and Huberman and Spradley (Ervina et al., 2019). Miles and Huberman, stated that the activity in interactive and continuous data analysis was continuous at each stage of the research so that it was complete, and the data was saturated. Activities in data analysis are data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display), drawing conclusions, or levers (concluding/ verification).

Results
activities are increasingly threatened due to the pressing need for housing and industrial development. The existence of agricultural land in the Namlea District. The vast land will further increase the hope of farmers to be able to live properly. Along with the increasing population, the existence of land, especially agricultural land, is becoming increasingly threatened due to the urgent need for more land. Meanwhile, the amount of available land has not increased (Meriam, 2019). The condition of agricultural land in Namlea District, as one of the important resources for the existence of farmers in carrying out agricultural activities, is increasingly threatened because of the need for housing and industrial development. The existence of agricultural land in the Namlea district. The vast land will further increase the hope of farmers to live properly (Menozzi, Fioravanzi, & Donati, 2015). Along with the increasing population, the existence of land, especially agricultural land, is increasingly being threatened because of the need for more land .     The area of agricultural land in Namlea district is quite large, the influence of the development of the city centre has resulted in areas such as the villages of Lala, Namlea, and Karang Jaya targeting communities to carry out function changes such as building shelters and trade centres. The reduction in agricultural land that has occurred in several villages due to community needs is not a result of a decrease in soil quality but rather an economic calculation for carrying out daily activities related to meeting household needs. Ownership of agricultural land in the Namlea subdistrict is divided into several parts, including lineage ownership, ownership that comes from business results and ownership that comes from profits. Of the three factors that most dominate the change in utilization are the results of the businesses where people prefer to invest in their land. Agricultural land turned into a centre of trade and shopping as a result of the needs and trends of the people who need space for economic activity. Apart from that, land investment is also considered profitable and has easy implementation ( Besides, land that is easier and cheaper to convert its agricultural land at an affordable price. The following shows the impact of the conversion that occurred in the Namlea sub-district. The income of farmers is decreasing, the price of agricultural products is getting more expensive, the selling price of land increases, the job opportunities in the agricultural sector are reduced.

Discussions
There has been a change in the livelihood of farmers, an increase in the number of people from outside the village, the development of agrarian conflicts

Jamilu
The number of farmers is decreasing The number of farmers has decreased followed by a decrease in agricultural production.
Indigenous people migrate out of the village to work in the service sector Source: Primary Data Processing, 2020 Land use is closely related to ownership where ownership is governed by building rights, property rights, use rights. Of the three rights attached to land status, building rights are the main choice for communities to invest in and change land functions as a result of protection from the country (Strassburg et al., 2014). Table 5 shows the impacts caused by land conversion carried out by the community in the Namlea sub-district. The economic impact shows a reduction in income and an increase in the selling price of land, while for the social impact there is a change in the orientation of livelihoods by farmer households. Theoretically, land conversion usually takes place through the transfer of land ownership rights of farmers to other parties which is then followed by using the land for non-agricultural activities narrowing of land (Menozzi et al., 2015). Narrowing of land will have a direct impact on the volume of rice production carried out by farmers in the region. This narrowing of land will also have an impact on the economic conditions of farmers

Conclusion
In general, the condition of agricultural land in the Namlea sub-district has a development in use, where land conversion is more directed towards investment outside of agriculture, conditions like this greatly affect the availability of foodstuffs and the food supply chain. Some of the methods used are selling or renting with the motive of making a profit on the land. The land ownership in Namlea District is generally private land and customary land. The state guarantees ownership in the form of property rights, building rights, and usage rights, these three rights open up investment opportunities outside the agricultural sector. Land use is dominated by the housing sector due to population growth and urban development which causes the need for housing to increase.