Solid waste management strategy as an alternative energy source for the economic driver in Gading Kasri Malang City

The economic factor is one of the keys to an area that can be advanced and independent. Until now, the community is still dependent on expensive fuel, while using raw materials around the Gading Kasri village is the right idea. One of the pictures to improve the community's economic factor in the Gading Kasri village is how to convert waste into fuel. The benefits obtained are substantial, including helping the community's economy, reducing plastic waste, and turning plastic waste into energy that is useful for cooking, starting motorbikes, and other powers. In this research, the design of the Combustion Optimization Tool for the Distillation of Plastic Waste into Oil Fuel (BBM) was made as an effective solution to produce an energy source in the form of gas oil with a maximum volume when compared to previous designs for similar devices. In this design, a plastic waste burner cross-section is made in the form of a circular crossbar so that the volume of waste and the effectiveness of combustion that is collected can be more in work. Furthermore, this tool will be used by the community in the Gading Kasri Village to be more beneficial for the organization or the general public.


Introduction
Final Processing Site (TPA) is a place to collect trash from several temporary shelters (TPS). In Indonesia, currently, waste processing at TPA is carried out using open dumping methods and sanitary landfills. The available dumping method has been prohibited through Law number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management. With the issuance of this law and to overcome the increasingly urgent waste problem, Several studies have been conducted to design a friendly waste processing technologies environment (Perini et al. 2017). Initially, many countries used incinerators or heating technology. However, incinerator technology turns out to impact the form of dioxins and furans as a result of emissions that are very harmful to the human body. To tackle the incinerator's impact, experts have now discovered processing technology for the new waste, namely methane or bio-mass fermentation technology (Yadav 2015). Biomass technology is a clean energy technology that has been agreed upon by several countries in the Kyoto Protocol to develop a clean development mechanism. Biomass is organic material produced through photosynthetic processes, either in the form of products or waste. One technology that uses biomass to produce energy is gasification technology. The supply of biomass raw materials in Indonesia is more than the source of other alternative fuels. The only challenge faced today is the cost efficiency collection of fabrics and mobilization of materials so that production costs are not too high (Zeng, Song, and Wang 2012). This technology provides excellent benefits to society and regional development, biomass and gasification technology growth must be accompanied by precise economic calculations (Parizeau, von Massow, and Martin 2015). The ESDM ministry's data states that the energy potential is generated from waste cities throughout Indonesia reached 49,810 MW. The current installed capacity of biomass technology only 0.89 percent. However, waste originating from plastic materials is always the primary source of the problem because it is difficult to process it into an energy source, therefore in this design, a "Combustion Optimization Tool Design for the Distillation of Plastic Waste into Fuel" was made in this design. In this design, a plastic waste burner cross-section is made in the form of a circular crossbar so that the volume of waste and the effectiveness of combustion that is collected can be more in work.

Theory
Several theories form the basis of this research, as presented in the following points :

Active Carbon
Activated carbon is an amorphous compound produced from materials containing carbon or charcoal, which are specially treated to obtain high adsorption power. Activated carbon can adsorb certain gases and chemical compounds or selective adsorption properties, depending on the pores and surface area's size or volume. The absorption capacity of activated carbon is substantial, namely 25-100% by weight of activated carbon (Morrissey and Browne 2004). Activated carbon can be divided into two types, namely: 1. Activated Carbon as Blanching Usually in the form of a fine powder with a pore diameter of 1000 Aø, used in the liquid phase, and serves to remove disturbing substances. 2. Activated Carbon as a Vapor Absorbent Usually in the form of granular or very hard pellets, the diameter of the pore is 10-200 Aø, generally used in the gas phase for solvent return, catalyst, and gas purification (Garner et al. 1972

Plastic Waste
The use of plastic material from year to year has increased and requires a large space to accommodate it. The number of plastic products produced in Indonesia consists of Poly  Residential areas are types of waste in food scraps, leftover materials from food processing or wet waste, dry waste, and ash. [2] Public places and trade centers are places of trading activity. The type of waste produced is in food scraps, residual building materials, and others. [3] Agriculture and livestock Waste derived from animals or plants can be in the form of perishable food scraps and insect repellent materials.

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
The analysis method uses a mixed-method, which combines the analysis of descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. Descriptive qualitative research was used to explain the relationship between variables based on the respondent's opinion or idea to explore the potential of the region and society. Another analysis used SEM analysis to produce influence between the variables studied so that it is expected to be part of it in making decisions for poverty reduction programs. Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Statistical analysis using inferential statistics to test each indicator's strength in forming a variable, so it can be known which hand dominant in developing variables, by knowing the value of the factor loading each indicator against the variable. Also, the influence between variables will be known as independent and dependent variables. The analysis used in this study uses Structural Equation Modeling (Structural Equation Model or SEM) using packages AMOS 21 and SPSS Version 11.5 programs.

Design and Spesification
This tool has the following specifications, i.e., 1.  The stages of the process can be seen at the following points, [1] The first thing that must be done is sorting plastic www.psychologyandeducation.net waste because the type of plastic waste that will be processed will affect the output of the fuel to be released (clarity level). Plastic waste must be cleaned before burning. A suitable type of plastic waste for this tool is plastic waste from drinking mineral water bottles. [2] After sorting plastic scrap, plastic waste should be crushed into plastic ore because the firing process will be more optimal (there will be no plastic residue in the combustion chamber). The combustion capacity of this tool is + 10 kg. [3] Enter the plastic waste that has been crushed into Combustion Room I (+ 10Kg capacity) before burning the previous combustion exhaust in the drain. After there is no remaining combustion before, combustion can be carried out. The temperature in the combustion chamber, expected to be maximum (maximum temperature indicator). [4] Steam from combustion in the combustion room I will enter Filter Room I, Filter Room I contains activated charcoal, which can be replaced every six months. This activated charcoal is readily available at aquarium stores. [5] After passing through Filter Room I, the money from combustion will enter combustion room II. In this combustion room II the expected temperature is not more than 50 ° C. From combustion chamber II, the money from combustion will enter the Filter Room plus the Storage Room. [6] From the storage room, there is a channel to channel the smoke from the combustion residue to the Smoke Minimizing Room to minimize combustion smoke. [7] A Cooling Pipe reduces the heat from the combustion oil before it is distributed to the storage room. [8] There are two faucets in the storage room to channel oil from the storage room to the next reservoir.

Testing of The Prototype
In this section, a trial will be carried out by entering the raw material for plastic waste. In this section, the plastics will be smelted to produce fuel. The amount of plastic will determine how many liters of energy are produced.

Conclusion
Produce an energy source in the form of gasoil with a maximum volume compared to previous designs in similar devices. The fuel produced by this tool can be used to fuel lawnmowers and two-stroke motorcycle engines. It is essential to pay attention to sorting plastics before burning. The best is plastic waste from mineral water bottles.