Factors affecting Strategies for Charismatic Leadership: An Empirical Investigation

The strategies for charismatic leadership are influenced by a number of things in India. Charismatic leaders must be aware of and respectful of these differences in order to effectively connect with their followers given the country's wide variety of languages, faiths, and cultural practices. Additionally, given the inequalities in income between urban and rural areas as well as India's varied levels of development, it is important to establish customized policies that take into account the various demands and ambitions of various social groups.Charismatic leaders are required to navigate complicated power dynamics, forge alliances, and successfully express their ideas in India's dynamic political environment, which is formed by its democratic system in order to win support and sway public opinion.Additionally, charismatic leaders must use technology platforms to reach a wider audience and engage with them more successfully due to India's expanding digital connectivity. Strategies for charismatic leadership are greatly influenced by the historical and cultural context. In order to inspire and mobilize people towards a common vision, charismatic leaders in India must consider the nation's cultural variety, socioeconomic conditions, political climate, technical breakthroughs, and historical background.


Introduction
An individual's capacity to motivate and influence others via their personal traits and vision is what is known as "charismatic leadership," which is a type of leadership. Shastri et al. (2010) "Charismatic leadership" and organisational commitment from an Indian viewpoint found that leaders who showed "charismatic" attributes were able to develop a sense of commitment among their followers. But there's a chance that some Indian cultural traits could have an impact on how PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2018) 55(1): 501-509 ISSN: 1553-6939 502 www.psychologyandeducation.net effective "charismatic leadership" is. For instance, the complex mix of cultures and religions in India might necessitate a more nuanced definition of "charismatic leadership." These contrasts can make it easier for leaders to connect with and motivate their following. Because of this, executives should take cultural diversity into account while formulating plans for "charismatic leadership" in India.
Two elements-"centrality" and "charisma"-can have a big impact on how India approaches charismatic leadership. According to Balkundi et al. (2011), leader networks and attributions have an impact on how well a team performs. They showed that charismatic leaders were more likely to be seen favorably by their teams if they occupied a prominent position within their networks. In order to improve charismatic leadership in India, this emphasizes the value of creating strong networks and securing key positions within the organizational hierarchy.Leaders with high centrality are better positioned to utilize their influence and successfully communicate their ideas to followers in the setting of India, where social networks and hierarchies play a vital role.For charismatic leaders in India, the capacity to access these networks and foster a sense of connection and inspiration among team members is essential.Additionally, power dynamics and hierarchies frequently have an impact on how leaders and followers interact in India. In order to balance their followers' expectations with their own impact, charismatic leaders must learn to deal with these dynamics.
The environment of higher education in India was the focus of Angawi (2012) "neo-charismatic leadership" theory. A leadership approach known as "neo-charismatic leadership" combines traits from both conventional charismatic and transformational leadership. In India's higher education system, which is distinguished by a high degree of complexity and diversity, it was stated that traditional models of leadership might not be as effective. The environment of higher education in India may benefit more from "neo-charismatic leadership," which emphasizes developing a common vision, empowering followers, and encouraging collaboration. To better manage the difficulties of this context and accomplish their aims, leaders in higher education in India should think about implementing a "neo-charismatic leadership" strategy PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2018) Karim (2016) looked into the variables that influenced charismatic leadership strategies in India with an emphasis on crisis situations. This showed how crucial it is to comprehend the essential "styles," "characteristics," and "skills" required for charismatic leaders under such circumstances.

Literature Review
Leaders that could inspire and encourage people, show confidence, and had a compelling vision were crucial in helping organizations and communities navigate difficult situations. These inspiring figures were able to inspire their followers, mobilize support, and show them the way to perseverance and achievement in the face of hardship.
Mahatma Gandhi's "rhetorical leadership" was examined by Bligh and Robinson (2010)  According to Zehir et al. (2011), an organization's "ethical climate" significantly influences strategies for charismatic leadership in India. An ethically sound environment promotes honesty, fairness, and integrity, all of which are traits of charismatic leadership. When leaders act ethically and foster an ethical environment, it promotes followers' loyalty to the organization and increases their perceptions of the leader as charismatic. Employee commitment to the organization and job satisfaction are thus favorably impacted.Furthermore, it is important to recognise the function of "key followers" in the social facilitation of charismatic leadership.The significance of significant followers, often known as "squires," in sustaining and enhancing the charismatic power of leaders was emphasized by Weber and Moore (2014). These essential subordinates show a high level of devotion and support as well as great identification with the leader's goal. By contributing to the societal acceptance of the leader's charismatic traits through their actions and demeanor, they help to increase the leader's capacity to motivate and inspire others.
According to Khatri et al. (2012), charismatic traits and a compelling vision can be combined to create effective transformational leadership in India. They stated that "charisma," which includes a leader's charisma, influence, and inspiring appeal, has the capacity to enthrall followers and inspire them to work towards a common goal.charismatic leaders have a natural ability to emotionally connect with their followers. Their allure and charisma make them powerful individuals who can motivate and inspire others to support their cause. Charismatic leaders are able to effectively communicate their vision to followers and persuade them to follow them, which results in passion and dedication.The "vision" of the leader directs both the leader and their followers.An inspiring vision paints a vivid and inspiring picture of the future while emphasizing the goals, values, and purpose of the organization. It provides guidance and a plan for reaching objectives. Followers develop a greater awareness of their position and the importance of their contributions when they align themselves with a leader's vision. Increased commitment and dedication to the organization are the result of this alignment, which develops a sense of meaning and purpose.
According to Singh and Krishnan (2007), one crucial element is the creation and approval of a scale for evaluating "transformational leadership" particular to the Indian context. adopting a grounded theory methodology to get a thorough knowledge of "transformational leadership" in PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2018)  India. This method made it possible to pinpoint the essential characteristics and conduct linked to "charismatic leadership" within the Indian cultural setting. They shown that the concept of a "transformational leader" in India encompasses a number of elements, including "inspirational motivation," "intellectual stimulation," "individual consideration," and "idealized influence."These attributes include what are referred to as a leader's "charismatic" traits, which include their capacity to move people towards a common goal. Leaders are better able to adapt their strategies to India's cultural values and expectations by recognising and comprehending these elements.
The effect of "leadership" on "organizational ambidexterity" and employee "psychological safety" is yet another crucial aspect to take into account in "charismatic leadership" strategies in India, as described by Rao-Nicholson et al. (2016). Employees are encouraged to take chances, share original ideas, and engage in experimentation by "charismatic leaders" who create a culture of "psychological safety". This fosters "organizational adaptability" and agility, two crucial qualities for navigating India's volatile corporate climate. Additionally, Chebbi et al. (2017) emphasize the significance of "ambidextrous leaders" in the internationalization of "emerging-market firms," particularly in the case of India. They found that "charismatic leaders" who can successfully negotiate the complexity of global marketplaces and promote "ambidextrous behaviors" are essential for the success of internationalization initiatives.

Methodology
This study is descriptive in nature in which the data were obtained from the 185 respondents which includes individuals who have demonstrated charismatic leadership qualities and have successfully employed charismatic strategies in their roles. A checklist question was used to analyze and interpret the data. In a checklist question respondents choose "Yes" or "No" for all the questions. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2018)  over many political parties, interest groups, and stakeholders, charismatic leaders must have outstanding negotiating and diplomatic skills. Effective communication is now essential for charismatic leaders due to the tremendous improvements in technology and globalization. Leaders may build a strong personal brand and reach a broader audience through utilizing social media platforms, public speaking opportunities, and other kinds of mass communication. Several elements greatly affect strategies for charismatic leadership in India, to sum up. These include the necessity for efficient communication, cultural diversity, socioeconomic differences, and political dynamics. In India, charismatic leaders who succeed must be able to relate to people from all walks of life, handle socio economic issues, negotiate complex power systems, and communicate clearly.