THE USE OF COUNSELING THEORIES IN HANDLING GAY AND LESBIAN CLIENTS: EXPERIENCE OF MALAYSIAN COUNSELORS

Abstract

Counseling theory is an approach used by counselors to explore and assist clients. Counseling theory also comprises of a conceptual framework that enables counselors to think systematically on human development including counseling practice. This study explores theories applied by counselors in handling counseling sessions with gay and lesbian clients. The study used a qualitative design involving semi-structured in-depth interviews. The purposive sampling is used to interview counselors which have been identified by the researcher to have information regarding the management of counseling sessions for gay and lesbian clients. Fifteen counselors were chosen to participate in this study based on two selections. The counselors participated in this study were registered counselors and have experience in handling gay and lesbian clients. Based on the findings, participants have emphasized several necessities of conventional theories applied by counselors during the counseling session. Counselors discuss the stand-alone theory that consists of Person-Centered (Rogers), REBT, Psychoanalysis, and Adler. Besides that, counselors also use integration theories including Rogers and Adler; Psychoanalysis, and REBT. The study also found that additional training is required during counselor training that includes techniques in counseling, religious approach, and complementary approach that can enhance the existing counseling knowledge. The results of this study can help counselors who work with gay and lesbian clients. The study also suggests that institutions conducting counseling training should develop more courses related to handling gay and lesbian clients. It can be concluded that counselors can apply a specific theory or integrating several theories to identify and understand the problem brought by clients.