Broadening the Theory of Planned Behavior with Destination Attachment and Risk Perception to Determine Voluntourism Experience Intention

Abstract

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been employed in numerous studies to understand a wide range of intentions and behaviors in various fields. However, a little has investigated and extended the theory to explain tourists’ intention to experience volunteer tourism and behavior, by including destination attachment and risk perception. Data from a survey of 286 volunteer tourists in Indonesia, who at least participated once in a volunteer activity, was used to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The findings from the structural equation modeling showed that efficacy is a significantly stronger predictor of intentions if mediated by attitude.