This study compared performance on perspective-taking, mental rotation, visual memory tests among education, music, and mathematics majors.  ANOVA testing revealed a statistically significant difference among the multivariate means of the three college majors on perspective-taking and spatial imagery tests, which measure small-scale and large-scale spatial abilities, respectively.  No group differences were observed on the visual memory test.  The perspective taking test contributed the most to group differences.  The results of this study suggest that training in mathematics and music is related to improved spatial abilities but has little impact on visual memory. 

Professors often assume that students study in the same way as they would, when, in reality, there is great variation in study behavior. Similarly, metacognitive experts often advocate for several strategies without solid evidence that any one of them affects performance metrics directly (e.g., a �scatter-shot approach�). This paper surveyed undergraduate students on their specific study skills and habits, with the goal of predicting grade point average through correlation and regression techniques. We found that test preparation strategies had the highest positive impact on grade point average, and that (unintuitively) deep textbook reading strategies may actually negatively impact grade point average. Explanations are proposed as well as future directions for this area of study.

This article describes the first author�s experiences with seeking treatment for borderline personality disorder and highlights the types of challenges individuals often face when seeking mental health treatment. In particular, she describes being labeled as �non-compliant� after taking an active role in her own healthcare, through inquiring about her provider�s questionable treatment recommendations. Disheartened by her experiences with the mental health system, she eventually discovered her own brand of therapy through journaling/expressive writing. This has led her to use her writing to speak out more broadly for the many others who have encountered similar challenges in their attempts to obtain mental health treatment.

This study investigated the factor structure of test anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students, as assessed with Sarason�s Reactions to Tests (RTT) Scale (1984), and examined latent factor differences due to demographic factors of the selected sample. Participants for this study were 559 undergraduate students from one university in northern China. Results indicated that the four-factor model which was aimed to measure Tension, Worry, Test-Irrelevant Thinking, and Bodily Symptoms was the optimal model. Results from the multiple indicators multiple causes model (MIMIC) suggested that gender was a significant predictor of Test-Irrelevant Thinking. These results were congruent to those from previous research, which indicates the RTT model structure proposed based on the studies of students in western culture could be generalized to Chinese culture. The findings of this study can be used to inform college student test anxiety coping strategies.

The predictors of self-efficacy of university faculty is presented in this study. Predictors of self-efficacy are personalization and its psychological means: subjective activity, attitude to the professional system and personal significance. The randomization strategy was used to form a sample. Means of personalization for the study of predictors of self-efficacy were selected diagnostic tools: a scale of self-efficacy and an original questionnaire formulated by the authors. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and a posterior Scheffe test. The results of the research showed the influence of personalization on the level of self-efficacy of university teachers. It was established that the strongest prediction in relation to the level of self-efficacy is the resource-activity attitude of teachers to the professional system. The article discusses the results of the study, summarizes results, and identifies areas for further research in this area.

This article is devoted to the problem of specification of approaches to the design and implementation of electronic educational courses in conditions of continuously and dynamically changing digital information and learning environment of the modern university. Based on the results of the content analysis of the digital infrastructure and regulatory documentation of the Siberian Federal University and the discursive analysis of the leading trends in the field of digital education, the necessary conditions for a successful professional pedagogical activity are described. On the basis of smart education principles, the possible solutions to the problems of teaching at the university, such as personification of teaching, project oriented courses and initiating the launch, the mechanisms for informal students� self-education are synthesized and justified.

Different studies have emphasized the role of psycho-social variables in physical illnesses. Features of lifestyle such as exercise, diet, and stress are important factors that affect the growth and prevention of diabetes. Changes in diet and increasing physical activity and exercise are key components in the management of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the �coping styles� and �lifestyle� among diabetic patients and normal individuals in Bandar Abbas. The method of study was causal-comparative. The statistical population included patients who were referred to diabetes centers, and the selected sample consisted of 60 individuals, who were chosen using purposive sampling method. A coping styles and lifestyle questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1984) was used to gather information. Independent-samples t-test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between diabetic patients and normal individuals, in life style and coping styles (p <0.05). In both variables, patients with diabetes had a lower average than normal people. It can be concluded that the type of coping style and the lifestyle of people effect on diabetes.

The problems of development of children�s giftedness in the Russian education system and the creation of a system for identifying, developing and supporting gifted children and talented youth are socially significant in the country. The aim of the study was to identify the main trends, and design a model of work on the development of children�s giftedness at the present stage. The basis of the study is an analysis of the experience of working with gifted children in the Russian education system.

This study was conducted in an attempt to investigate the effect of Anger Management Skills Training (AMST) on reducing aggressive behaviors among female high school students in Tehran. It was conducted on the basis of semi-experimental method with one-group pretest-posttest design. Thirty subjects were randomly selected to learn anger management skills. The training courses on anger control skills were conducted twice a week in ten 90-minute sessions.  Results revealed there is a significant relationship between the average means of aggression scores of female students in different components in the pre-test and the post-test. It can be concluded that AMST can be seen as an effective technique in decreasing students� aggressive behavior, with all its behavioral and emotional components.

This article is devoted to the role of lexical synonyms and synonymous constructions in teaching foreign students the Tatar language. The use of synonyms in oral and written speech is an indicator of language proficiency at a high level. However, even native speakers cannot boast of this ability, especially foreign-speaking students. But despite many difficulties, it is possible to reach such a level of fluency. The article specifies the features of the lexical skills� formation necessary for the communicative competence. The analysis of exercises for the activation of synonyms in speech is given. Exercises of teaching aids for students of the Tatar language are studied. An attempt is made to determine the optimal types and types of exercises aimed at increasing the use of synonyms in Tatar speech.

The aim of this qualitative phenomenological study was to identify the negative impact of sporting events on the citizenship values of young Jordanians and provide solutions. In addition, the study identified concepts that could be included in national and civic education textbooks to address this issue. A total of 185 �participants� were conveniently selected from among athletes, sport journalists, audiences, and members of sport clubs and federations. In addition, 16 participants were purposively selected based on their expertise in curriculum, instruction, or citizenship as well as their knowledge of and interest in sporting events. Based on individual interviews with participants, the study presents suggestions to reduce negative impact of sporting events on young Jordanians� citizenship values.

The purpose of this study was to investigate happiness in elderly people residing with their families and those living in old age (retirement) homes. The sample of the study included 150 old aged people (senior citizens), 75 living with their families and 75 in old age (retirement) homes. Happiness was measured using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire developed by Michael Argyle and Peter Hills (2002). The results of this study showed a significant difference in happiness between those seniors who reside with their families, and those who live in retirement homes.  Suitable measures should be taken to increase happiness and mental health especially for those seniors living in retirement homes.