PoAh: Proof-of-Authentication for Post-Blockchain Based Security in Large Scale Complex Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract

The internet of things is the network of physical objects which are connected or embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to exchange data with other device or system via the internet. The blockchain can be used to track the sensor data measurements and prevent duplication with manipulation data. Blockchain enriches the IoT devices to improve and extend security by the means of bringing transparency to the IoT ecosystem. Blockchain is a system of recorded information so it is impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. But blockchain faces a lot of disadvantages as it uses more energy, it was not distributed among many computing systems, they are not immutable, etc. This research paper is about the post-blockchain structure that integrates a multi-blockchain in one ledger using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure called a multi-chain. Blockchain is a DAG that combines the internet of things to make the machine-to-machine transactions more possible. This multi-chain model helps in solving expandability and storage capacity which is the replacement for the old conventional blockchain on the internet of things. This research is proposed with a new framework called the Proof-of-Authentication the PoAh. This helps in improving the latency which is considered as one of the important factors in the internet of things devices. The PoAh is 4000× approximately faster than that of PoW the proof-of-work and it is also faster than that of the PoS the proof-of-stake which is 55× faster approximately.